Did you know that 1 in every 28 women in India is affected by breast cancer?
This is not to scare you. It is to make you aware that this is one of the most common cancers that affect women in India. That is why it is important that every one of us is aware of the causes of breast cancer and early warning signs for timely detection.
Breast cancer is caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells, which results in the formation of cancerous lumps within the breast. Genetic transmission or the presence of a mutated BRCA (short form for ‘BReast CAncer’) gene are among the strongest risk factors. Importantly, if a woman’s mother or sisters developed breast cancer, the woman herself faces a higher risk of developing the same cancer.
Breast cancer may also be hormonally induced. Women who attained menarche (first menstrual period) at a very early age, or who haven’t attained menopause even after they turn 55 may be at risk of developing this cancer. Also, women who have been taking oral contraceptives or other forms of oestrogen supplementation for more than five years are at a higher risk.
Lifestyle habits such as uncontrolled obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of physical exercise and unhealthy diet may also increase one’s risk of developing breast cancer.
The good news is, early detection of breast cancer can help us treat the condition effectively and help the person recover quickly. How can we make sure no early warning signs are missed out?
Physical changes are often the first signs of breast cancer. Changes in the skin around the breasts and nipples, lymph nodal swelling, formation of small lumps (moveable or unmoveable) around the breast and axillary areas, and discharge (fluid and/or blood) from the nipples are signs that need immediate attention.
However, we need to remember that cancerous cells may not always show up as obvious symptoms in the early stages. Hence, it is recommended that women get a breast ultrasound or a mammogram every year to check for abnormalities.
In addition, regular self-examination is essential. Once a month, stand before a mirror, place your hands on your hips and see if both breasts are of similar size and if the nipples are at (somewhat) the same level. Check for any signs of imbalance or discolouration in the breast area. Gently press the palms of your hands over and around your breasts and underarms to check for swelling or lumps.
If, by any chance, something seems out of place, consult your gynaecologist immediately.
I would like to reiterate that early detection is the only way to treat breast cancer quickly and effectively, and ensure that recovery is faster. Do not ignore any symptoms or put off your check-ups. Our life is in our hands – and we must do the best we can to stay healthy and happy.
