In recent times, a heart-warming change that is seen among people is greater openness in terms of talking about, researching on and gaining a greater understanding of issues relating to health and well-being. Issues which used to be seen as forms of stigma are now being regarded as conditions that should be approached from an objective standpoint with the focus being on treatment options.
One such health condition relates to fertility. Be it for a male or female, the understanding that is there nothing ‘wrong’ or ‘broken’ or ‘inadequate’ with the person who may be experiencing fertility issues is becoming more widespread. And like with all other conditions that affect us, help should be taken at the earliest. Hence, there is greater willingness and openness to discussing such issues with fertility experts.
In this article, we will touch on 10 factors that may impact men’s fertility. An important point to keep in mind is that, given the advancements in assisted reproduction techniques, it is possible for a man with fertility issues to have his own children. So, an understanding of what these issues is more for detecting the first signs and looking to address them.
1. Age:Â In recent times, due to changes in lifestyles and social preferences, men are having children at a later age. Due to hormonal changes, sexual dysfunction, increased body fat, and various chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus or hypothyroidism, a person might face fertility issues.
2. Sexual Dysfunction:Â Conditions such as premature ejaculation (when a man reaches orgasm after beginning foreplay or intercourse, and releases semen from the penis too quickly and without control), and erectile dysfunction (otherwise known as impotence; refers to the inability to maintain an erection that is firm enough and of sufficient duration to have penetrative sexual intercourse) may play a part in hindering conception. In some cases, the stress and anxiety that results from such conditions may result in the man shying away from sex altogether.
3. Increased testicular temperature: For healthy production of sperm, optimal testicular temperature (typically between 34°C to 35°C) is necessary. Several experimental studies have shown that exposure to heat and a continued sedentary posture may reduce semen quality. While these effects may be reversible once the necessary changes are made, it is advisable to keep scrotal temperature at a suitable level. To do so, it is best to wear loose-fitting clothes and underwear, and avoid placing the laptop on one’s lap while working.
4. Medication:Â The long-term use of steroids, anti-epileptic drugs, antiretrovirals and several kinds of antihypertensive drugs and chemo-radiation therapies have been associated with low sperm production and/or other issues that cause infertility in men. In general, the sperm parameters are reversible if the treatment is discontinued. If it is not possible to stop the treatment, the doctor may recommend the use of antioxidants in the form of vitamins and minerals that may increase sperm count and motility. No matter what the case, it is important to consult the doctor prior to stopping or changing the medication routine.
5. Hormonal Deficiencies: About 10% of all male factor infertility issues arise from hormonal imbalances. The primary hormones that are involved in male sexual health are produced in the pituitary gland – they regulate the production of sperm, and impact the production of testosterone, which is responsible for the development of male characteristics such as muscle mass, strength, fat distribution, sex drive and erection. A simple blood test can help to detect any hormonal imbalances, based on which the urologist/andrologist will determine the underlying cause and prescribe hormonal supplements as required.
6. Genetic factors:Â Genetics play an important role in the production of sperms, and about 30% of male infertility issues are associated with chromosomal abnormalities and gene mutations. While chromosomal abnormalities may not be not treatable or reversible per se, latest advancements in assisted reproductive techniques have helped many men to father children despite this limitation.
7. Diet and lifestyle: A diet that predominantly comprises of foods high in saturated sugar and fat may lead to increased production of bad cholesterol in the body. This, in turn, may induce excessive generation of highly reactive harmful chemicals called ‘free radicals’, which may damage the testicular cells and affect their ability to produce testosterone. Furthermore, excessive smoking and consumption of alcohol are associated with reduced sperm count and quality. In particular, smoking produces a two-fold decrease in sperm count – one, due to the effect of nicotine; two, the reduction in the concentration of zinc in semen. Switching to a healthy diet that prioritises the consumption of vegetables, greens, nuts, fruits, fish and low-fat dairy products, and cutting back or quitting smoking and alcohol may help improve semen production and quality.
8. Obesity:Â Obese men tend to have higher levels of estrogen, which may lead to low sperm production (spermatogenesis) due to the suppression of FSH and LH by the brain. The increase in fat mass in men also reduces plasma testosterone levels and increases gonadal temperatures due to increased fat tissue around the testes. The general guideline is to maintain a BMI of less than 25.
9. Psychological stress: Stress reduces reproductive potential and causes suppression of testosterone. In fact, worrying too much about successful conception can slowly drive up stress levels and reduce a person’s sex drive, so it is important to stay positive and keep sex enjoyable. If necessary, the person can undergo non-pharmacological measures for stress management like behavioural therapy, counselling and support.
10. Lack of sleep: Research has shown that too little sleep or irregular sleep patterns can affect a man’s fertility. This is due to the fact that the majority of testosterone release occurs during sleep and improper sleep patterns can upset the balance. Maintaining healthy sleep hygiene is a must for overall good health as well.
Dr. Kavitha Gautham is a leading figure in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and reproductive medicine, with a distinguished career marked by excellence and compassion. She holds an MBBS from Annamalai University, an MS in Obstetrics and Gynecology from Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Deemed University, and a Diploma in Reproductive Medicine from University Schleswing-Holstein, Germany. As the Founder & Director of Bloom Fertility Centre & Bloom Birthing Centre and Medical Director of Bloom Fertility & Healthcare, Dr. Kavitha spearheads initiatives aimed at providing personalized and holistic care to patients.
With several years of expertise in gynaecological laparoscopy surgery, she has performed (approx.) 10,000 deliveries, 10,000 hystero-laparoscopy surgeries, and more than 5,000 IVF cycles to date. She is a Life Member of the European Society of Reproductive Medicine & Indian Society of Reproductive Medicine, All India Congress of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Obstetric and Gynaecological Society of Southern India, Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India, and the Indian Medical Association. She is a Fellow from the Indian College of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and International Medical Science Academy, and FIMSA.
Dr. Kavitha has been the recipient of several awards, including the prestigious J.L. Javeri Award (AICOG, 2005), Excellence in Healthcare – Infertility & IVF Treatments award (The Chennai City ICON Awards, 2019), WONDER FOGSIAN award (FOGSI, 2019). Additionally, she was the first doctor in South India to successfully conduct a water birth in a VBAC case.
Dr. Kavitha has also presented research papers at prestigious conferences including ISAR and IMSACON and has been published in esteemed journals such as the ‘Journal of Clinical Diagnostic Research’. Her commitment to public service is evident through initiatives such as conducting health camps in collaboration with organizations like the SMILE Foundation and raising awareness about reproductive health through appearances on radio and TV shows.
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Dr. Dheepa comes with a diverse background in obstetrics, gynecology, paediatric surgery and general surgery. With a Master of Surgery (MS) in Obstetrics & Gynecology from the Pondicherry Institute of Medical Science, Pondicherry, and an MBBS from Coimbatore Medical College and Hospital, Dr. Dheepa has consistently showcased excellence in academic and professional endeavors. She has gained expertise in various areas including antenatal care, intrapartum care, postpartum care, pelvic pain, menstrual abnormalities, and laparoscopic surgeries. Committed to advancing medical knowledge, Dr. Dheepa has also presented papers and conducted research, contributing significantly to the field.
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Dr. Nivedhita is a skilled obstetrician and gynecologist, holding an MBBS from Madras Medical College, Chennai and an MS (Obstetrics & Gynaecology) from Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai. She has been serving as an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Egmore, Chennai, since 2022, and contributes to education and clinical practice. With a passion for research, Dr. Nivedhita has also conducted a significant observational study on thrombocytopenia in pregnancy, and actively participates in academic events and conferences. Proficient in Tamil and English, Dr. Nivedhita excels in patient communication and counselling. Her clinical interests span high-risk obstetrics, infertility, and minimally invasive surgery, ensuring comprehensive care for patients.
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Dr. Kousica is a distinguished obstetrician and gynecologist with a passion for research and patient care. After graduating with an MMBS from Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, in 2017, Dr. Kousica pursued advanced studies, earning an M.S in Obstetrics and Gynaecology from Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital in 2022. Complementing this expertise was a Diploma and Fellowship in Minimal Access Surgery (MAS) from World Laparoscopy Hospital, Delhi. With a focus on advancing medical knowledge, Dr. M. Kousica has authored impactful publications, including papers on pre-eclampsia and rare genetic disorders, published in renowned journals. She has also presented findings on infertility and reproductive health at prestigious conferences, contributing to the global discourse on women’s health. Currently specializing in infertility, Dr. Kousica is dedicated to providing compassionate care and innovative solutions to patients.
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Dr. Revathi is an Obstetrician and Gynecologist with a rich academic background and extensive clinical experience. She holds an MS in Obstetrics and Gynecology from Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, and has pursued specialised training in diagnostic ultrasound imaging from Selvi School of Sonology and reproductive medicine from Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Women’s Health, MMM Hospital. With a passion for research, Dr. Revathi has contributed significantly to scientific literature with publications in prestigious journals and presentations at national conferences. She actively engages in community health initiatives, participating in rural health camps in Chengalpattu and providing free gynecological services in Karaikudi. Her expertise extends to surgical techniques, obstetric emergencies, and patient counseling. Dr. Revathi is also a life member of FOGSI and ISAR.
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Dr. Kavitha Gautham holds an MBBS from Annamalai University, an MS in Obstetrics and Gynecology from Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Deemed University, and a Diploma in Reproductive Medicine from University Schleswing-Holstein, Germany.
As the Founder & Director of Bloom Fertility Centre & Bloom Birthing Centre and Medical Director of Bloom Fertility & Healthcare, Dr. Kavitha spearheads initiatives aimed at providing personalized and holistic care to patients.
With several years of expertise in gynaecological laparoscopy surgery, she has performed (approx.) 10,000 deliveries, 10,000 hystero-laparoscopy surgeries, and more than 5,000 IVF cycles to date. She is a Life Member of the European Society of Reproductive Medicine & Indian Society of Reproductive Medicine, All India Congress of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Obstetric and Gynaecological Society of Southern India, Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India, and the Indian Medical Association. She is a Fellow from the Indian College of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and International Medical Science Academy, and FIMSA.
Dr. Kavitha has been the recipient of several awards, including the prestigious J.L. Javeri Award (AICOG, 2005), Excellence in Healthcare – Infertility & IVF Treatments award (The Chennai City ICON Awards, 2019), WONDER FOGSIAN award (FOGSI, 2019).
Dr. Kavitha has also presented research papers at prestigious conferences including ISAR and IMSACON and has been published in esteemed journals such as the ‘Journal of Clinical Diagnostic Research’.
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Dr. Aravind Ravichandran is as a distinguished fertility specialist, bearing credentials from renowned institutions such as Christian Medical College and Monash University. He is well known for his expertise spanning reproductive endocrinology, ART planning, and gynecological surgeries. His commitment to advancing knowledge is seen through presentations at international conferences like ESHRE and Kolhapur Obstetrics and Gynaecology Society, where he’s delved into topics such as DNA repair gene expression and dietary patterns' impact on ART outcomes. He also serves as faculty at the Oasis School of Embryology. Dr. Aravind has been honoured with several prestigious accolades, including Sri T. Rajagopal Memorial Endowment and Dr. R.E.S. Muthiah Memorial Gold Medal. His publications in journals such as the Human Reproduction Open and Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics underscore his dedication to research. Dr. Aravind interests also include areas such as male infertility and onco-fertility.
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Dr. Revathi is an Obstetrician and Gynecologist with a rich academic background and extensive clinical experience. She holds an MS in Obstetrics and Gynecology from Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, and has pursued specialised training in diagnostic ultrasound imaging from Selvi School of Sonology and reproductive medicine from Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Women’s Health, MMM Hospital. With a passion for research, Dr. Revathi has contributed significantly to scientific literature with publications in prestigious journals and presentations at national conferences. She actively engages in community health initiatives, participating in rural health camps in Chengalpattu and providing free gynecological services in Karaikudi. Her expertise extends to surgical techniques, obstetric emergencies, and patient counseling. Dr. Revathi is also a life member of FOGSI and ISAR.
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After graduating with an MMBS from Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, in 2017, Dr. Kousica pursued advanced studies, earning an M.S in Obstetrics and Gynaecology from Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital in 2022. Complementing this expertise was a Diploma and Fellowship in Minimal Access Surgery (MAS) from World Laparoscopy Hospital, Delhi. With a focus on advancing medical knowledge, Dr. M. Kousica has authored impactful publications, including papers on pre-eclampsia and rare genetic disorders, published in renowned journals. She has also presented findings on infertility and reproductive health at prestigious conferences, contributing to the global discourse on women’s health. Currently specializing in infertility, Dr. Kousica is dedicated to providing compassionate care and innovative solutions to patients.
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Dr. Arun Ganesh is a Pediatric Emergency Medicine specialist, with a STEP Fellowship and a Post-Doctoral Fellowship in Pediatric Emergency Medicine, in addition to an MD in Pediatrics and MBBS. He is skilled in various pediatric emergency procedures, including intubation, venipuncture, and neonatal resuscitation. With extensive experience across esteemed institutions such as Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute and Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, he has demonstrated a commitment to excellence in academic and professional pursuits. Dr. Arun Ganesh’s dedication to advancing medical knowledge is evident through numerous paper and poster presentations at national and international conferences, as well as publications in renowned journals. He is also a certified instructor in Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) and Neonatal Advanced Life Support (NALS).
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Dr. Rufina. J is a compassionate pediatrician dedicated to providing comprehensive care for children's health and well-being at BloomLife Hospital. She is equipped with a solid foundation in pediatric medicine, holding an MD in Pediatrics from Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad University, and an MBBS from Sri Muthukumaram Medical College and Research Institute, Tamilnadu MGR University. Driven by zeal for teaching and research, Dr. Rufina has completed advanced courses in Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) and Basic Neonatal Resuscitation. Her work experience spans from caring for children with minor illnesses to training in specialised areas like Pediatric Pulmonology, Nutrition, and Pediatric Neurology. She has also contributed to pediatric research with a dissertation on the utility of Lung Ultrasound in diagnosing pneumonia, published in the Journal of Neonatology – with findings on pediatric illnesses at national conferences, showcasing her resolve to advancing pediatric medicine.
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Dr. Selvendran Chelladurai is a dedicated Pediatrician and Neonatologist with extensive clinical knowledge and procedural skills. With a commitment to providing high-quality care, Dr. Selvendran aspires to contribute to the growth of organizations while working in challenging environments. During his tenure as an NNF Fellow in Neonatology at Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre, Chennai, he gained comprehensive experience in resuscitation, various procedures, ventilation strategies, and developmental supportive care for high-risk deliveries. He has also excelled in handling metabolic diseases and providing counselling to caregivers. Dr. Selvendran has contributed to the medical literature with publications like International Journal of Current Advanced Research (IJCAR) and International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, on topics like accidental levothyroxine poisoning and chikungunya in infants. He has also presented at prestigious conferences and seminars like NEOCORE and PAEDNATCON, showcasing their expertise and commitment to advancing pediatric medicine.
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Dr. Sayed Asarudeen is a skilled pediatrician with expertise in mechanical ventilation, central line insertion, chest tube insertion, and parental nutrition. With fluency in English, Tamil, Bengali, and Hindi, he ensures effective communication with diverse patient populations. Having served as a Senior Resident at NICY, Department of Pediatrics, District Hospital, Kolkata, Dr. Sayed gained invaluable experience in neonatology. He furthered his expertise through a Post-Doctoral Fellowship in Neonatology at Rainbow Children Hospital, Chennai, and National Neonatal Forum (NNF).
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Dr. Sayed Asarudeen is a skilled pediatrician with expertise in mechanical ventilation, central line insertion, chest tube insertion, and parental nutrition. With fluency in English, Tamil, Bengali, and Hindi, he ensures effective communication with diverse patient populations. Having served as a Senior Resident at NICY, Department of Pediatrics, District Hospital, Kolkata, Dr. Sayed gained invaluable experience in neonatology. He furthered his expertise through a Post-Doctoral Fellowship in Neonatology at Rainbow Children Hospital, Chennai, and National Neonatal Forum (NNF).
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Dr. Chittaranjan is a dedicated orthopedic surgeon, with an MBBS from Rajah Muthaiah Medical College & Hospital, followed by a Post Graduate Degree MS in Orthopedics from Madurai Medical College. Dr. Chittaranjan has been at the forefront of orthopedic care in India, with a notable career spanning prestigious institutions such as MAPIMS, MGIMSR, PSG Hospitals, and SRM Medical College. He has also served as an Associate Professor and Chief Orthopedic Consultant, contributing significantly to academic and clinical advancements.
In addition to being an accomplished researcher, with several papers presented at renowned conferences like TNOACON and OASISCON, his expertise encompasses a wide array of orthopedic procedures, including arthroscopy, joint replacement, spine, and trauma surgeries. Currently, Dr. Chittaranjan is engaged in ongoing research projects focused on innovations in fracture management, regenerative orthopedics, and tissue engineering for cartilage and meniscus regeneration.
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Dr. Harun Kumar is a skilled orthopedic surgeon who holds an MBBS from SRM Medical College, an MD Ortho from PSG Institute of Medical Science, and a DNB in Orthopaedic Surgery from BIRRD. With membership in the Indian Medical Association and Tamil Nadu Medical Council registration, Dr. Arun maintains high professional standards. Having served as a Junior Resident at MAPIMS and currently as a Senior Resident at ACS Medical College, he possesses expertise in trauma cases, hip joint fractures, amputations, and closed nailing procedures.
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Dr. Swarna Ganesan is an AYUSH physician, with a Bachelors of Naturopathy and Yogic sciences from Dr. MGR Medical University, Tamil Nadu. She is a registered holistic health practitioner for naturopathy and yoga under CCRYN (central council of research in naturopathy and yoga), Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India. Dr. Swarna completed her fellowship in clinical research under the National Institute of Naturopathy), Pune, and worked as Research Officer, Principal Investigator for 14 research projects corresponding to yoga and normal delivery practices, PCOD and other women health issues. She has published research papers in competent medical journals and presented her work in over 25 national and international conferences. Dr. Swarna is also a trained labour doula under CAPPA, and is well known for her commitment to helping mothers have a safe and positive birthing experience.
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Dr. Paul Rafson Jani is a dedicated Anaesthetist and Intensivist. Throughout his medical career, he has focused tirelessly on critical care procedures such as intubation, extubation, central and peripheral venous cannulation, tracheostomy, intercostal tube insertion, and ultrasound-guided regional blocks, Dr. Paul ensures comprehensive care for patients in critical conditions. His work history reflects a hands-on approach to patient management, from recording medical histories to administering specialised treatments and creating individualised treatment plans. Dr. Paul excels in team collaboration, research, and training, ensuring the highest standards of care. With certifications in ACLS and BLS, he is dedicated to maintaining excellence in patient care and emergency response.
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Dr. Vinu Bharathi Loganathan brings with her extensive experience from renowned institutions like Apollo First Med Hospitals and Karthik Hospitals, with a focus on diverse emergency cases. Dr. Loganathan excels in triage, assessment, and evidence-based treatment delivery. Her proficiency extends to procedural sedation, ICU management, and spearheading departments. Dr. Vinu Bharathi has been certified by the Royal College of Emergency Medicine (U.K.) and holds a Diploma in Emergency Medicine. She actively contributes to medical education, conducting workshops and training sessions, and has trained over a hundred paramedics in ACLS and BLS. With certifications in ACLS, BLS, and PALS and fluency in English and Tamil, Dr. Vinu Bharathi embodies flexibility, positivity, and strong judgment, ensuring optimal patient care.
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Dr. Kavitha Gautham holds an MBBS from Annamalai University, an MS in Obstetrics and Gynecology from Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Deemed University, and a Diploma in Reproductive Medicine from University Schleswing-Holstein, Germany.
With several years of expertise in gynaecological laparoscopy surgery, she has performed (approx.) 10,000 deliveries, 10,000 hystero-laparoscopy surgeries, and more than 5,000 IVF cycles to date. She is a Life Member of the European Society of Reproductive Medicine & Indian Society of Reproductive Medicine, All India Congress of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Obstetric and Gynaecological Society of Southern India, Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of India, and the Indian Medical Association. She is a Fellow from the Indian College of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and International Medical Science Academy, and FIMSA.
Dr. Kavitha has been the recipient of several awards, including the prestigious J.L. Javeri Award (AICOG, 2005), Excellence in Healthcare – Infertility & IVF Treatments award (The Chennai City ICON Awards, 2019), WONDER FOGSIAN award (FOGSI, 2019).
Dr. Kavitha has also presented research papers at prestigious conferences including ISAR and IMSACON and has been published in esteemed journals such as the ‘Journal of Clinical Diagnostic Research’.
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Dr. Aiswarya Nair is a dedicated and accomplished general medicine practitioner with a passion for improving patient care. She is a gold medalist MD graduate from the Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College. Prior to this, she earned her MBSS from Rajah Muthiah Medical College Hospital. With a career spanning over a decade, Dr. Aiswarya Nair has held various academic and clinical positions, including that of Assistant Professor of General Medicine at Dr. Somervell Memorial Medical College and Hospital, and currently as Associate Professor at Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. Her research contributions include publications on topics such as ‘Infection in the elderly’ and ‘Severe sepsis-related acute kidney injury’. Driven by a commitment to excellence, Dr. Nair seeks to leverage her expertise as a physician, aiming to enhance patient outcomes and contribute positively to the healthcare community.
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